NOTES

Introduction

  1. A letter written by one of the original 1889 students of Princes Hill to Headmaster Gibson, Heritage, 1965.
  2. The numbers decreased nearer to the present. The proportion of male and female respondents was fairly even.

Part One, Introduction

  1. Argus, 3/9/1889, p.9; Age, 3/9/1889, p.6; C.Gaz., 6/9/1889, p. 2; 13/9/1889, p. 2.
  2. Recollections, the Honourable Evan Walker.

Chapter One

  1. C.Gaz., 19/3/1887, p. 2.
  2. Alexander Sutherland, Victoria and its Metropolis: Past and Present (Melbourne, 1888), Vol. 1, p. 573; Isaac Selby, The Old Pioneers’ Memorial. The History of Melbourne from the Discovery of Port Phillip to the World War (Melbourne, 1924), p. 365: the cemetery ‘created a mental road’.
  3. ‘Garryowen’, Chronicles of Early Melbourne, 1835-52 (Melbourne, 1888), p. 29.
  4. C.Gaz., 25/10/1889, p. 2; 11/9/1891, p. 2: the population of Victoria ward was increasing every year; 27/12/1895, p. 2.
  5. ‘Garryowen’, Chronicles, p. 30: when Carlton was put on the market, it was gobbled up by investors with money from the gold days. Noelle Belcher, A Historical Tour of Princes Hill, North Carlton (Carlton, 1976),pp. 1-2.
  6. VPRS 795/1714: 5/4/1887-10109; 27/5/1888-38207. Robertson’s reply to the Tynan report, 30/6/1888-21714. In 1892, the Lygon Street school was made an adjunct to SS 112 Faraday Street. It was closed in October 1908 (V€9’R, 3, p. 55).
  7. Application no. 2946, 15/6/1887-18646. VPRS 795/1714: 17/5/1887-13190; 20/5/1887-15097; Government Gazette, 3/6/1887, p. 1517.
  8. VPRS 795/1714: 1/9/1887-28599; 22/9/1887-31170; 28/9/1887-32013.
  9. VPRS 795/1714: 27/10/1887-33786.
  10. MLA Motions and Orders no. 55, p.3l7f; VPRS 795/1714: 2/11/1887-37148.
  11. Argus, 29/10/1924, pp. 6, 9.
  12. V&R, 1, p.xxxix.
  13. ibid., p. 277
  14. VPRS 23/2/1889-6691. School Roll: 897/8: 28/2/1889-7580.
  15. VPRS 795/1714: 24/7/1889, 6/8/18891-6691. (Campbell had satisfactorily carried out at least one prior contract for the PWD). Schoolgrounds: VPRS 795/1714: 17/9/1889-38435. Newspaper reports in October 1896 refer to work needed in the yard and for boulders to be removed (C. Gaz., 9/10/1896, p. 2).
  16. VPRS 795/1714: 22/8/1889-33313; 14/9/1889-36783, and memo 10/2/1990.
  17. C.Gaz., 24/1/1890, p. 2; 9/5/1890, p. 2.
  18. VPRS 640/1811: 6/7/1891-33912. Lee Street, the only other school in North Carlton, had more than 1000 students (C. Gaz., 9/10/1890, p. 2).
  19. VPRS 795/1714: 20/8/1895-25801.
  20. VPRS 795/1714: 11/9/1901-20903. By the time of his next letter (30 September 1901-35398), the number waiting for admission had grown to 33.
  21. V&R, 1, pp. 269-77.
  22. V&R, 1, p. 243.
  23. In 1904, Skewes forwarded a street plan outlining the proximity of St Michael’s to the school, VPRS 795/1714: 1904-1141.
  24. VPRS 795/1714: 30/4/1890-16091.
  25. VPRS 795/1714: 8/5/1890-24364; report presented 21/5/1890.
  26. VPRS 795/1714: 21/7/1890-34180.
  27. VPRS 795/1714: 24/7/1890-34892.
  28. VPRS 795/1714: 2/8/1890-36723; 6/8/1890-37432 - noted in Lease Book, ll/8/1890. C.Gaz., 18/12/1891, p.2.
  29. VPRS 795/1714: 24/12/1891-64140.
  30. VPRS 795/1714: 20/8/1895-25801.
  31. VPRS 795/1714: 12/2/1895-3557; 22/6/1899-20206: twenty-one children from years 1 to 3 lived nearer to SS Lygon Street. A memorandum dated 28/2/1895 (attached to 1895/3557) lists the Department’s purpose.
  32. VPRS 795/714: 22/6/1899-20206; 5/1 1/1903-5914.
  33. VPRS 20/8/1895-25801, and internal comment, 23/8/1895.
  34. VPRS 795/1714: 6/6/1899-17862; 7/6/1899-17863.
  35. VPRS 795/1714: 4/8/1902-28087.
  36. VPRS 795/1714: 7/6/1899-17863; 17/7/1902-26061.
  37. VPRS 795/1714: 17/6/1899 (Skewes’ information about St Michael’s); 27/9/1899 (Departmental memorandum advising the lease be taken); 31/10/1899-38342 (completion of transaction).
  38. VPRS 795/1714: 9/10/1901-36727, 36889, 37997.
  39. VPRS 795/1714: 23/5/1904-5761.
  40. V&R, 1, pp. 327ff.
  41. PWD March 1901/1380; 25/1/1902. By the time the contract was let, the cost had escalated to £4176 (27/2/1906-1906/674).
  42. VPRS 795/1714: 28/2/1889-6691 (letting of contract); 28/2/1889 (memorandum to Gardiner about the cost). That the building was two-storey is indicated in a letter of Russell to the Department dated 16 April 1890 (VPRS 795/1714: 1890-16091). Unfortunately, no architectural plans of the Arnold Street building survive. According to L. Burchell, Princes Hill would have been modelled on the same basic plan as Kensington. I am most grateful to L. Burchell (Victorian Schools. A Study in Colonial Government Architecture, I873-I900, Melbourne, 1980), for his generous help, advice and invaluable expertise on school architecture. It was he who pointed out that the school was two-storey. He also generously reconstructed the floor plans illustrated in this book. Between 1872 and 1888, the Education Department had its own Architectural Section, headed by Herbert R. Bastow. In 1888, Bastow and his Department moved to the Public Works Department, where, henceforth, the Education Department contracted the PWD.
  43. Argus, 3/9/1889, p. 9; Age, 2/9/889, p. 6; C.Gaz., 13/9/1889, p. 2.
  44. VPRS 795/1714: 16/4/1890-16090.
  45. C.Gaz., 18/12/1891, p.2.
  46. VPRS 795/1714: 7/10/1889 (land purchase for £l3.10.0 per sq. ft); The contract had been let on 17/8/1891, to be completed by 7/12/1891 -Cost: an undated document attached to files of June 1906 shows the cost of the three phases. 
  47. Discussion with L. Burchell. Tell-tale signs of Bindley’s work are the corbelling seen on the Head Teacher’s office. Similar features appear on the Parkville Post Office, which was designed by Bindley. On the Congress of 1904, see Ed.Gaz., 20/9/1905, p. 37. 
  48. Cost and size, VPRS 795/1714-undated file attached-to June 1906 files. Contract: VPRS 795/1714: 27/2/1906-2111; delays: 10/12/1906-8333.
  49. The size of the hall: VPRS 3916/127: 26/6/1961. Threats in 1902 to cut the hall from the original plan because of expense were averted on the grounds of the school’s active role in kindergarten teacher.training (VPRS 795/1714: 17/3/1902-8611).
  50. Recollections, Vera Shakespeare.
  51. Melbourne Fire Brigade reports, VPRS 3916/127 2/10/1958.
  52. VPRS 795/1714: 23/2/1911-697.
  53. VPRS 640/1638: 20/6/1908-8032; internal memo, 21/2/1912; internal memo, 795/1775-9/4/1914. 1 ’
  54. VPRS 795/1714: 28/6/1912.
  55. VPRS 795/1714: 17/6/1912; 4/7/1912-2644.
  56. VPRS 795/1714: 21/2/1912; attached memorandum, 28/2/1912.
  57. VPRS 795/1715: 2/10/1913; also letter ofW. Cook, 4/10/1913-3590; St Michael’s lease: 22/10/1913-3774.
  58. Victorian Parliamentary Debates, Session 1913-14, v. 134, 20/9/1913, p.1407.
  59. VPRS 795/1715: 30/4/1914; Argus, 22/4/1914, p. 14.
  60. VPRS 795/1715: 13/6/1914-2182.
  61. Argus, 1/1/1925, p.4.
  62. VPRS 796/631: 11/5/1921-210; 17/6/1921-21.4.
  63. VPRS 796/631: 17/2/1922-228.
  64. VPRS 795/631: 13/12/1922-251. Delays were caused by alterations to the plans, 29/3/1922, 31/7/1922-239.
  65. VPRS 795/631: 11/4/1923-259.
  66. VPRS 795/631: 8/6/1923-264.
  67. VPRS 795/631: 29/2/1924. No information exists as to what happened from the last use of St Michael’s in 1914 until 1924.
  68. VPRS 640/2628: 8/10/1924.
  69. Argus, 1/3/1924, p. 18; 17/4/1924, p. 12; 19/4/1924, p. 17. Cost: VPRS 100592 6/7/1939.
  70. V&R, 1, pp. 376ff; VPRS10059: 21/10/1939; 13/11/1939; 18/11/1939.
  71. VPRS 795/1714: 15/5/1895-16419.
  72. VPRS 796/631: 29/8/1933-154.
  73. VPRS 795/1714: 4/8/1902-28087.
  74. Ev. Gaz., 20/9/1905, pp. 37-38; 25/7/1911, pp. 231-35.
  75. VPRS 795/1714: 20/1/1908, p. 287.
  76. Argus, 27/5/1913, p. 5.
  77. VPRS 640/4308-10/2/1956.


Chapter Two

  1. VPRS 10059-25/6/1958.
  2. By Prendergast in 1913 (see n. 56, Chapter One); the Princes Hill deputation to Peacock in 1914 (n. 57, Chapter One); by Head Teacher Bryant in 1937 and 1938 (VPRS 796/631: 26/10/1937; 796/632: 12/1/1938); by Head Teacher Hart and District inspector Scott in 1943 (VPRS 640/3515: 27/7/1943; 640/3575: 15/4/1943).
  3. Adamson, Headmaster of Wesley, in V&R, 1, p. 455.
  4. V&R, 1, pp. 470, 475-9.
  5. V&R, 1, pp.487, 495.
  6. V&R, 1, pp. 459f; 482f.
  7. V&R, 1, pp. 526f.
  8. V&R, 1, pp. 532-5.
  9. Carlton News, 28/1/1937, p. 6; 13/5/1937, p. 1. Although precise Carlton population figures are unavailable, (census statistics do not distinguish the figures for the City of Melbourne into individual suburbs), F.Lancaster Jones, ‘Italians in the Carlton Area: The Growth of an Ethnic Concentration’, AJPH, 10, April 1964, p. 86, estimates the population of Carlton-North Carlton before the war to approximately 30,000, which declined to 27,455 by 1954. Enrolments also declined among the district’s schools._Between 1937 and 1943, SS East Brunswick’s population had dropped 41 per cent, Alfred Crescent, North Fitzroy 35 per cent, Faraday Street 46 per cent and Rathdowne Street 20 per cent. Lee Street alone suffered no losses. Princes Hill’s numbers had decreased by 38 per cent from 809 in 1937 to 487 in 1943. The average decrease for Victoria’s state schools for this period was 12 per cent (VPRS 640/3575: 15/4/1943).
  10. V&R, 3, pp. 220f.
  11. M. Spivakovsky, ‘Educational Architecture in Victoria, 1945-1973. The Design of State Primary and Secondary Schools’,  Arch.;University of Melbourne, 1973), pp. 19-20.
  12. VPRS 3916/127: 18/4/1962; 27/4/1964; PWD M293743.
  13. VPRS 3916/217: 17/5/1958; 20/8/1958.
  14. Examiners Report, 1958, PHSC Archives.
  15. School Register, Princes Hill.
  16. Heritage, 1960.
  17. AdC Min., 20/3/1962.
  18. V5513, 1, pp. 529, 532, 535.
  19. VPRS 3917/5: 8/10/1959.
  20. Recollections, Harold Law; VPRS 10059: 27/8/1962 - primary school; Speech Night 1963
  21. 21/2/1961. Recollections, John Polglaze.
  22. AdC Min. 20/3/1962; Heritage, 1963, HM Report.
  23. Heritage, 1961.
  24. Heritage, 1962; Yabberstick, April 1970, p. 3.
  25. Spivakovsky, ‘Educational Architecture’, pp. 26-7.
  26. Age, 9/2/1970, p. 1; Herald, 9/2/1970, p. 3.
  27. Recollections, Chris Hilton.
  28. Age, 9/2/1970, p. 1.
  29. The Victorian Police have destroyed files of that period (McCoach to Vlahogiannis 7/9/1988). The Metropolitan Fire Brigade Board-Fire Report (8/2/1970) described the cause as ‘suspicious circumstances’. 
  30. Gibson to ED 20/31963; architects: AdC Min. March 1965; quotation: Thomson to ED 11/12/1968; Recollection, Polglaze.
  31. No renovations: AdC Min. 20/5/1969; delays because no money: AdC Min. 20/5/1969, Thompson to AdC, 6/8/1969.
  32. Thomson to Thompson, AdC Min. 6/8/1969.
  33. Sier to Cn Rohrt 22/9/1969.
  34. Herald, 6/2/1970, p. 2.
  35. AdC Min. 18/3/1969.
  36. AdC Min. 15/4/1969.
  37. Rossiter to Thomson 29/8/1969.
  38. AdC Min. 15/4/1969.
  39. Memorandum to Melbourne City Council, 1970, PHSC Archives.
  40. ibid.
  41. Thompson to Heard (Assistant Town Clerk, MCC) 23/3/1970; Rogan, (Town Clerk, MCC) to AdC 20/4/1970; Carlton News, 4/6/1970, p. 1.
  42. Thomson to Thompson 5/3/1970.
  43. Recollections,  Stirling.
  44. ibid.
  45. Complete details of the project are kept in the archives of D.Jackson, Architect.
  46. Walker & Jackson, meeting with Sier 11/8/1970.
  47. The first quotation was $1,205,000, D. Cant (Quantity Surveyor) to Walker & Jackson 10/12/1970. Alterations pushed the estimation up to $1,315,000, Cant_to Walker & Jackson 9/7/1971. On 13/8/1971, O’Shannassey (Liason Architect, Building Division, PWD) instructed the architects to get the price below $1,205,000.
  48. Thompson to Sier 26/8/1970.
  49. The push for a canteen and assembly hall had begun in the early 1960s, AdC Min. 15/11/1960.
  50. Thompson had promised a canteen, library and gymnasium (Thomson to Thompson, 5/3/1970).
  51. Thompson to Sier 18/8/1971; AdC Min. 16/2/1971.
  52. Thompson to Heard (Assistant Town Clerk, MCC) 23/3/1970.
  53. Walker & Jackson to O’Shanassey 22/9/1970; O’Shannassey to Walker & Jackson 16/10/1970.
  54. Walker & Jackson to O’Shannassey 30/4/1971.
  55. Thompson to Tripovich 23/7/71; Tripovich to Sier 23/7/1971. During this period, Tripovich was quite active on the school’s behalf (see Victorian Parliamentary Debates, 14/9/1971, pp. 336-7).
  56. Herald, 23/11/1971; Age, 24/1 1/1971, p. 11. The completion date was set at April 1973. O’Shannassey’s notes show the original timetable as: Preliminary documents to be presented October 1970; Tenders to be offered November 1970; Contractors to gain possession of site January 1971; Building to be completed May 1972. Indeed, on 3 September 1970, Walker & Jackson were prepared to predict completion by November 1971.
  57. Walker & Jackson to S. Morton (Assistant Director-General, Buildings, Education Department) 23/6/1971; Reply 1/7/1971.
  58. O’Shannassey’s letter to Walker & Jackson was sent 22/12/1971, and received by the architects 11/1/1972. Recollections, G. Casasayas,
  59. Melbourne Times, 15/7/1973; Age, 17/7/1973, p.4; Herald, 17/7/1973; Sun, 19/7/1973.
  60. Herald, 31/7/1973.
  61. AdC Min. November 1973.

Part Two, Introcluction

  1. F.Tate, ‘Teaching: The Noblest of Professions, but the Sorriest of Trades’, The Australasian Schoolrnaster, November 1892, pp. 75-6, December 1892, pp. 92—3,January 1893, pp. 101-3. 1

Chapter Three

  1. V&R, 1, p. 283.
  2. ibid., 1, p. 556.
  3. C.Gaz., 11/3/1892, p. 2.
  4. VPRS 640/1905: 14/2/1894-40549.
  5. VPRS 640/1875: 13/10/1893-39770.
  6. C.Gaz., 24/12/1896, p. 2.
  7. VPRS 640/2144: 23/7/1901—251 13; 10/8/1901—28044; 11/9/1901-32697; 9/10/1901-32698, 35397, 36726.
  8. VPRS 640/2232: 19/7/1910.
  9. Recollections, Mr Hollylea.
  10. Recollections, Mr Bell, Mrs Seath. One of Sebire’s first moves was to change the afternoon timetable to begin at 1.30 p.m. rather than 1.45 p.m. and finish at 3.45 p.m. so he could catch the infrequent train to Clifton Hill.
  11. VPRS 640/2232: 19/7/1910.
  12. Archives, Sebire family.
  13. VPRS 640/2628: 8/4/1926-3742.
  14. R.J. W.,Selleck, Frank Tate. A Biography (Melbourne, 1982), p. 121.
  15. ibid.
  16. VPRS 640/2628: 6/1/1925~3742.
  17. Recollections, Ray Aaron.
  18. Recollections, Ron Davies.
  19. Recollections, R. Davies, Joseph Brown.
  20. VPRS 640/2722: 22/10/1930-15326; 640/3169: 2/5/1936-5566.
  21. VPRS 640/3515: 30/8/1943-5096.
  22. VPRS 640/3169: 22/6/1936.
  23. VPRS 640/3338: 10/9/1940.
  24. VPRS 640/3851: 18/11/1948.
  25. Recollections, Sam Lipski.
  26. Examiners’ Reports, 1950, 1952, PHSC Archives.
  27. Recollections, Don Madden.
  28. VPRS 640/4091: 29/8/1952.
  29. Recollections, Geoff Burrows.
  30. VPRS 640/4091: 4/11/1952.
  31. Recollections, D. Madden; VPRS 10059: 9/11/1956.
  32. VPRS 640/4364: 6/12/1957.
  33. VPRS 640/4408: 4/2/1958.
  34. VPRS 640/4555: February 1961.
  35. VPRS 640/4555-1961.
  36. Special Meeting of PHPS School Council 24/6/1976; K. Turnbull to Hon. L. Thompson, 13/7/1976, PHPS Archives.
  37. Recollections, Nola Kennett.
  38. PHPS Archives, 6/12/1983. Earlier in the year, the School Council had voted to support the transfer ofa teacher whom they considered mismatched with the School’s policies and practices (SC Min. 9/12/1983).
  39. SC Report, 1986.
  40. Recollections, William Johnston.
  41. Recollections, Arnold Zable.
  42. Heritage, 1961, p. 6.
  43. Recollections, W. Johnston.
  44. Recollections, John Polglaze. Tributes from Mothers’ Club, Parents and Citizens Association and the School Advisory Council, Heritage, 1961, p. 6.
  45. Recollections, John Ireland.
  46. Heritage, 1965.
  47. Recollections, Mrs Hilton.
  48. Recollections, John Ireland.
  49. Age, 4/8/1973, p. 4.
  50. Recollections, Peter Stapelton.
  51. November, 1969, p. 2.
  52. Recollections, P. Stapelton, Emile Hamer, Judy Ireland.
  53. Recollections, Judy Ireland.
  54. Recollections, P. Stapelton, Judy Ireland, E. Hamer, John Stirling.
  55. Recollections,  Stirling.
  56. ibid.
  57. Recollections, Olive Hamilton.
  58. SC Min. 21/4/1985. Recollections, O. Hamilton.
  59. Green Paper, October 1986, PHSC Archives; Recollections, O. Hamilton; Bob Meehan, ‘Reorganisation of Local Secondary Schools’, Princes Hill News, 1, 1987, pp. 1f.

Chapter Four

  1. VPRS 640/1816: 24/2/1890-7513.
  2. In 1913, Skewes complained that one grade, 4A, had had four teachers in less than one year. Between December 1913 and February 1914, nine teachers had ceased duty (VPRS 640/2407: 6/2/1914-2191). The number of replacement staff was inadequate, and many were inexperienced student teachers. In November 1915, Sebire reported five further vacancies at the school (VPRS 640/2407: 1914-6630). In 1939, Mylrea welcomed six new members of staff (VPRS 640/2955: 25/7/1934-9620).
  3. VPRS 640/2955: 25/7/1934-9620.
  4. V&R, 1, pp. 279f. In 1884, only five of the 2563 qualified teachers employed by the Department had a university degree, only twelve had First Class Honours and only 221 had matriculated; another 1076 were pupil teachers, V&R, 1, pp. 826-7.
  5. V&R, 1, pp. 280; 322f.
  6. VYB, 1902, p. 123; 1910-11, p. 269; 1940, p. 248; 1950-51, p. 429.
  7. K.S.Cunningham and E.A. Morey, Children Need Teachers (Melbourne, 1947), pp. 75f.
  8. VPRS 640/2315: 20/6/1908-8032.
  9. V&R, 1, pp.826—7. .
  10. D.Garden, The Melbourne Teacher Training Colleges. From Training Institution to Melbourne State College, I870-I98 (Melbourne, 1982),
  11. V&R, 1, p. 321.
  12. Argus, 2.5/5/1916, p. 5: by 1916, there were 900 enlistments.
  13. VPRS 640/3394: 2/2/1941, 1/12/1941.
  14. VPRS 10059: 14/1/1942.
  15. Argus, 25/5/1916, p. 5.
  16. Cunningham, Morey, Children, p. 79, table 14.
  17. V&R, 1, p. 1297.
  18. VPRS 10059: 2/2/1943; 1/2/1944.
  19. VPRS 640/3575: 26/2/1944; 10059: 1/3/1944.
  20. V&R, 1, p. 327.
  21. VPRS 640/1845: 1.890/7509.
  22. VPRS 640/1777: 29/12/1890-63197; 640/1845: 21/7/1892-31029; 5/10/1892-43641.
  23. VPRS 640/1845: 1892/43641. .
  24. Tate, The Australasian Schoolmaster. November 1892, pp. 75-6, December 1892, pp.92—3, January 1893, pp. 101-3, describes pupil teachers’ conditions. Also I/599R, 1, p.827; A. G.Austin, Australian Education, 1788-1900. Church, State and Public Education in Colonial Australia, 3rd edition (Melbourne, 1972), pp. 246-9.
  25. Archives, Sebire Family.
  26. Archives, Mrs Lister.
  27. Cunningham, Morey, Children, pp. 92-4.
  28. Tate, Australasian Schoolmaster, November 1892, pp. 75-6; December 1892, pp.92-3; January 1893, pp. 101-3; J.O.Anchen, Frank Tate and his Worhfor Education (Melbourne, 1956), pp. l02f; Selleck, Tate, pp.90f. Austin, Australian Education, p. 248: Tate was working against views current throughout Australia, and against government interests. In 1902, more than 30 per cent of teachers were pupil teachers.
  29. Recollections, Miss Checcucci; V&R, 1, pp.851—2; cf. pp.866f; Garden, Melbourne, pp. 125-6.
  30. I. S. Turner, The Training of Teachers in Australia. A Comparative and Critical Survey (Melbourne, 1943), pp. 84-91, 107-12, 215-9. In 1930, The National Council of Women in Victoria expressed concern that infant teachers were being poorly prepared .in every state in Australia. In Victoria, training teachers conducted classes of 40-50 children; 50 per cent of teachers were junior teachers, of which half had less than one year’s experience, Argus, 27/6/1930, p. 12.
  31. VPRS 915/154: 8/7/1908-9183; V&R, 1, pp. 868f.
  32. Minister’s Report, 1909-10, p. 92.
  33. VPRS 640/2315: 12/9/1913-11677.
  34. VPRS 640/2407: 23/ll/1914; 1915-1030.
  35. VPRS 10059: 24/6/1958.
  36. V&R, 1, pp. 868-70.
  37. VPRS 640/3454: 8/3/1940.
  38. Lawry, ‘Anton Vroland: His Life and Work’, (M.Ed.; Monash Uni., 1981), pp.55-61. 1
  39. VPRS 640/1816: 1890-45114.
  40. VPRS 640/2407: 9/4/1914.
  41. Argus, 29/3/1913, p.19; 15/7/1913, p.4.
  42. Argus, 4/5/1912, p. 18.
  43. Garden, Melbourne, p. 125
  44. In 1930, the National Council of Women commented that, of the 3000 candidates on that year’s promotion list, only thirty-one were women, Argus, 27/6/1930, p. 12.
  45. VPRS 640/2628: 27/3/1924-3857.
  46. V&R, 1, pp. 279f; p. 285 table 7, for teachers’ salaries; Austin, Australian Education, pp. 249f.
  47. V&R, 1, pp. 285-9, 320, 378 table 20, 889.
  48. ibid. pp. 325f.
  49. VPRS 640/2955: February 1933.
  50. V&R, 1, pp. 280f. On her retirement in 1915, Miss Hyem was paid a superannuation allowance of £150 p.a. Her annual salary had been £250. Skewes, who had retired two years earlier, received £314.2.2 p.a. His average salary had been £471.3.4 (VPRS 640/2315: 3/3/1913-3606). Superannuation, however, was not received by all teachers. According to the Victorian State Schools Teachers Union, 2932 teachers were not entitled to a pension in 1913 (Argus, 29/3/1913, p. 13).
  51. VPRS 640/1811: 14/4/1890-15824.
  52. VPRS 640/2955: 1934.
  53. VPRS 795/1714: 6/6/1899-17862. By 1901, the Infants Room exceeded its accommodation capacity of 120 children by thirty-six (VPRS 795/1714: 11/9/1901).

  54. GRADE

    STUD. No.

    TEACHER

    QUALIFICATION

    6A

    57

    Mr McShane

    1st M.A.

    6B

    83

    Mr Scales

    2nd M.A.

    5A

    49

    Miss Powling

    1st Cl. Jun.T.

    5B

    42

    Miss Bruggman

    2nd F.A.

    5C

    31

    Mr Ellingsen

    Temp. Assist. 5

    4A

    63

    Mr Putt

    Assist 8th

    4B

    54

    Miss MacKay

    lst Cl. Jun. T.

    4C

    46

    Miss James

    1st Cl. Jun. T.

    3A

    63

    Miss Bourke

    lst Cl. Jun. T.

    3B

    70

    Miss Hastie

    3rd F.A

    2A

    64

    Miss Munro

    1st Cl. Jun. T.

    2B

    58

    Miss Heaphy

    3rd Cl. Jun. T. (Cont. Stud.)

    1

    98

    Miss Hindley

    Assist. 6th

      

    Miss Swan

    1st Cl. Jun. T.

    Infants

     

     

     

    (A-D)

    194

    Miss Hyem

    1st F.A.

      

    Miss Skewes

    lst Cl. Jun. T.

      

    Miss McKenzie

    lst Cl. Jun. T.

      

    Mr Watson

    1st C1. Jun. T.

  55. Cunningham, Morey, Children, pp. 134-6 table 29.

  56. VPRS 640/1816:15/8/1890-39202.

  57. VPRS 640/2109: 1/8/1900-26968.
  58. VPRS 640/2232: 16/4/1910-5460.
  59. VPRS 640/2490: 14/4/1918-3503.
  60. VPRS 640./2554: 21/9/1922-9598.
  61. VPRS 640/3735: 22/10/1946.
  62. Age, 6/5/1969, p. 1; 7/5/1969, p. 3. This was not the first occasion that teachers had voiced their complaints, nor the first time that teacher unionism had contemplated militancy. Strike action was called by Victorian Teachers Union but barely averted in the 1940s (V&R, 1, pp. 1143-4); sporadic strikes were held in the mid 1960s (A. R. Barcan, A History of Australian Education (Melbourne, 1980), p. 346). 
  63. A. Spaull, ‘The origins and formation of the Victorian Secondary Teachers’ Association, 1948-1954’, in S. Murray-Smith, ed., MSE 1975, pp. 94-125;
  64. Cunningham, Morey, Children, pp. l3lf.
  65. Victorian Council of School Organisations, April, 1971.
  66. Miriam David, The State, the Family and Education (London, 1980).
  67. C. Gaz, 27/12/1890, p. 2.
  68. A. R. Crane, ‘The Teacher - Present and Future’, in (ed)  A. Richardson,  Bowen, The Preparation of Teachers in Australia (Melbourne, 1971), pp. 1-14.
  69. Ralph Bush, ‘The teacher—pupil relationship in Australian Secondary Schools’, AJE, 2, 1958, pp. 41-8; K. Start, ‘The school: an academic or social agency? The case for an academic role’, in Quality in Australian Education (Australian Council of Education, Melbourne, 1978), pp. 55-66.
  70. Recollections, Anne Milte.
  71. Duffy, ‘Teachers - A forgotten priority’, in Priorities in Australian Education (Australian College of Education, Melbourne, 1972), pp.107-112.
  72. Rosemarie Otto, Occupational Stress Among Teachers in Post-Primary Education. A Study of Teachers in Technical Schools and Some Comparative Data on High School Teachers (Bundoora, 1982); Robyn McCleod, Strategies for Tackling Teacher Stress (Teachers Federation of Victoria, 1987).
  73. Data collected by R. T. Fitzgerald, The Secondary School at Sixes and Sevens. A Review of the Sixties and a Prospect of the Seventies (Melbourne, 1970). :
  74. Document issued October 1969, PHSC Archives.
  75. VPRS 10059-1446:July, 1946.
  76. V&R, 1, pp. 903f; Barcan, Australian Education, pp. 311-2.
  77. ibid. p. 313.
  78. District Inspectors Reports, PHSC Archives.
  79. VPRS 10059-24/6/1958.
  80. PHSC Archives; Recollections, Ireland.
  81. Head Master’s Report, 1960, PHSC Archives.
  82. AdC Min. 17/4/1973, 19/6/1973, 17/71973, 10/10/1973.
  83. PHSC Archives.
  84. Recollections, P. Stapelton.
  85. Recollections, Sue McCall. The draft job prescription for principal to replace Olive Hamilton set out the requirements of the Secondary College School Council, PHSC Newsletter, vol 10, no. 18, 23/11/1988.
  86. School Policy Statements, PHPS Archives.
  87. Recollections, Sue McCall, John Heath.
  88. VPRS 640/1777: 1890.
  89. Recollections, E. Neistal.
  90. VPRS 640/2407: 14/8/1915-11360.
  91. Recollections, Mrs Lord, Miss Moyes.
  92. Recollections, R. Davies.
  93. Marian Turnbull, The Schools of Princes Hill. A History of Princes Hill Primary School to mark the Diamond jubilee of the Princes Hill Mothers’ Story-Telling Club, 1917-1977 (Carlton, 1977), p. 4.
  94. Recollections, R. Davies.
  95. Recollections, Sam Lipski.
  96. Recollections, D. Madden.
  97. Recollections, Graham Pascoe.
  98. Recollections, Andrew Panna.
  99. Mothers’ Club Minutes, November 1962.
  100. Recollections, Dr John Mann.
  101. Recollections, W.Johnston,  Ireland, A. Zable, C. Hilton.
  102. Recollections, C. Hilton, H. Law, A. Zable,  Mann.

Part Three, Introduction

  1. Recollections, E. Walker.

Chapter Five

  1. VPRS 796/631: 6/11/1929.
  2. K. S. Cunningham andJ.J. Pratt, Review ofEducation in Australia, 1939 (Melbourne, 1940), p. 48.
  3. ibid.
  4. VPRS 640/3454: 8/3/1940; 640/3918: 30/5/1949.
  5. VPRS 640/3454: 15/3/1940, 14/5/1940.
  6. Recollections, Mrs Penny.
  7. See n.5 above.
  8. VPRS 640/3338: 5/4/1940.
  9. VPRS 640/3660: 14/10/1944.
  10. VPRS 640/3851: 29/7/1948; 640/3918: 30/5/1949.
  11. VPRS 10059/1941.
  12. Ed.Gaz., 1912, p.446.
  13. V&R, 1, pp. 948-9.
  14. VPRS 10059: 8/5/1944; 10059/3735-1946; 640/3793: 5/8/1947; 17/9/47.
  15. Recollections, Lydia Checcucci.
  16. VPRS 640/3515: 18/12/42; 10059: 19/6/1952; 640/3660: 25/10/1944.
  17. V&R, 1, p. 1012.
  18. VPRS 10059: 7/10/1941.
  19. VPRS 640/ 3515-1943; Recollections, L. Checcucci.
  20. VPRS 10059: 6/6/1949.
  21. VPRS 640/3918: 20/5/49; 640/4457: 9/2/1959.
  22. VPRS 640/4033: 2/10/1950, 24/8/51.
  23. Recollections, Miss Miller, L. Checcucci,J. Fajgenbaum,J. Held.
  24. Recollections, L. Checcucci; V&R, 1, p. 1012.
  25. Recollections, E. Hamer.
  26. Princes Hill News, Term 2 1988.
  27. Melbourne Times, 24/1/1973.
  28. Some conflict about this issue arose between the Director, who advocated wider community use, and the Committees, which argued that participants should come from within the schools’ vicinity. 
  29. Age, 27/6/1975, p. 2.

Chapter Six

  1. Maxwell N. Waugh, ‘A History of Community Involvement in Victorian State Schools, 1851-1975’, (M.Ed., University of Melbourne, 1987), pp. 16f.
  2. V&R, 1, pp. 204-5, 278-9, 1217; Waugh, ‘Community Involvement’, pp. 46f.
  3. Also Faye Schutt, Rathdowne Street 1884-1984. A Centennial History, Carlton Primary School No. 2605 (Carlton, 1984), pp. 25-7.
  4. Ed.Gaz., 22/2/1942, pp. 32-3.
  5. Selleck, Tate, p. 149.
  6. Ed.Gaz. Suppl., 22/8/1911, pp. 1-4.
  7. Argus, 1/3/1924, p.18; 17/4/1924, p.12.
  8. VPRS 796/631: 20/2/1934.
  9. VPRS 796/631: 19/6/1926, 12/2/1927.
  10. VPRS 796/631: 14/11/1933; 28/11/1933.
  11. Yabberstick,July 1971, p. 5.
  12. AdC Min. 10/8/1971.
  13. ibid 24/4/1979.
  14. ibid 28/9/1971; 29/5/1974; also Melbourne Times, 8/5/1974.
  15. PHPS SC Report 1986.
  16. Ed.Gaz., 24/5/1984, pp. 361-8.
  17. Waugh, ‘Community Involvement’, pp. 243-4.
  18. SC Min. 1987.

Chapter Seven

  1. Mothers’ Club Min. 1954; V€°:’R, 1, pp. 1219-20.
  2. Mothers’ Club Min. 29/4/1968.
  3. ibid, August 1977; December 1978.
  4. ibid, 29/9/1964.
  5. ibid, 10/9/1972.
  6. ibid, passim.
  7. Turnbull, Princes Hill, p. 7.
  8. Mothers’ Club Min. 1973-5.

Part Four, Introduction

  1. C.Gaz., 27/12/1889, p. 2.

Chapter Eight

  1. A photocopy of the list is among the Education Department’s archives, currently held at Lynch Road, Fawkner. The whereabouts of the original is unknown. The photocopy is of very poor quality, and some names are lost in the reproduction. 
  2. C.Gaz., 29/8/1890, p. 2.
  3. Kate Darian-Smith, ‘A City in War: The Home Front in Melbourne 1939-1945’, (Ph.D Diss., University of Melbourne, 1987), pp. l60ff; Appendix 1.
  4. Edith Banks, in Heritage, 1965.
  5. Work in Carlton, (Carlton, 1988), pp. 22-3.
  6. ibid., pp. 14-5; Recollections, Mrs Hargraves.
  7. Darian-Smith, ‘Melbourne’, pp. l30ff.
  8. V&R, 1, pp. 214-7.
  9. ibid., p. 214.
  10. Argus, 3/9/1889, p. 9; C.Gaz., 13/9/1889, p. 2.
  11. C.Gaz., 27/11/1895, p. 2.
  12. Compare Ian Davey, ‘Growing Up in a Working-Class Community:School and Work in Hindmarsh’, in Pat Grimshaw et al, ed., Families in Colonial Australia (Sydney, 1985), pp. 163-72; Kerry Wimshurst, ‘Child labour and school attendance in South Australia, 1890-1915’, in Historical Studies, 19, 1981, pp. 388-411.
  13. V&R, 1, pp. 216f.
  14. Recollections, Marjorie Jackson.
  15. AYB, 1985, p. 473. Some 3.9 million immigrants have arrived in Australia since the Second World War, of which 80 per cent have remained (p. 96).
  16. Richard Broome, The Victorians. Arriving, (Mc1\/Iahons Point, NSW, 1984), pp. 131-7, 141-5. In 1912, Premier Watts proposed to spend £150,000 to attract 30,000-40,000 migrants, especially artisans, to Victoria, (Victorian Parliamentary Debates, 21/8/1912, p. 913).
  17. Broome, Arriving, p. 194.
  18. ibid., p.158.
  19. John Lack and Jacqueline Templeton, ed., Sources of Australian Immigration History. I: 1901-1945 (Department of History, University of Melbourne, 1988), pp. 172f.
  20. Broome, Arriving, p. 180, provides names and figures.
  21. Commission of Inquiry into Poverty, Welfare of Migrants: 1, David Cox, The Role of Ethnic Groups in Migrant Welfare; 2, Jean Martin, The Economic Condition ofMigrants (Canberra, 1975), p. 37, Table 3.1.
  22. ibid., p.20, Table 2.1. 
  23. ibid., pp. 54f. Broome, Arriving, p. 194, Table 7, provides a wider range of figures.
  24. Broome, ibid., pp. 194f.
  25. Walter Lippmann, ‘Melbourne Jewry: A profile’, in Peter Y. Medding, ed., Jews in Australian Society (Monash University, 1973), p. 19, Table 2.2. William Logan, The Gentrification of lnner Melbourne. A Political Geography of Inner City Housing (St. Lucia, 1985), p. 41, Table 5.
  26. Logan, loc. cit.
  27. John Rimmer, Carlton Community Health Service Submission, 31/3/1976 - Carlton area: Park Street, Nicholson Street, Victoria Street and Flemington Road; main residential area: north of Elgin Street, and east of Lygon Street.
  28. F. Lancaster Jones, ‘A social ranking of Melbourne suburbs’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 3, 1967, pp. 98f: areas of low socio-economic status tend to be areas of heavy immigrant settlement.
  29. Charles Price, Southern Europeans in Australia (Melbourne, 1963), pp. l08f.
  30. Cox in Welfare of Migrants, p. 30.
  31. Sam Lipski, ‘Memories of a Jewish Boyhood. Yiddish sounds, Carlton sights’, Bulletin, 8/1/1966, pp. 23-5. Hilary Rubinstein, The Jews in Victoria, I835-I985 (Sydney, 1986), pp.151f; Martin in Welfare of Migrants, pp. 107f.
  32. Ilma Martinuzzi O’Brien, Australia’s Italians, I788-I988 (Carlton, 1986), passim. Recollections, Thomas Hazell.
  33. Recollections, John Vlahogiannis.
  34. Rubinstein, Jews, p. 137.
  35. Logan, Gentrification, p.37, Table 3; p. 41, Table 5; Cox in Welfare of Migrants, p. 22, Table 2.6: employment figures of Greeks; pp. 23-4, Table 2.8: 60 per cent of Greeks who arrived between 1945 and 1972 had only primary education or less; compared to 1 per cent with tertiary education. Similar figures apply to Italians (pp. 40f), Yugoslavs (pp.54f) and Turks (pp. 70f). Approximately 34 per cent of Poles had primary education and 3.5 per cent had a tertiary education (p. 81).
  36. C. Wakefield, ‘Life in commission flats’, Yabberstick, April 1968.
  37. Logan, Gentrification, p.41, Table 5: Anglo-Saxons in North Carlton:1961: 48.2 per cent; 1971: 48.7 per cent; 1976: 63.0 per cent; professionals in North Carlton: 1961: 6.9 per cent; 1971: 17.1 per cent; 1976: 35.6 per cent; compare craftsmen, labourers etc: 1961: 62.9 per cent; 1971: 52.2 per cent; 1976: 35.2 per cent (p.37, Table 3). Pat Grimshaw, ed., Carlton People and Social Change, Carlton Forest Project, (Carlton, 1988), passim.
  38. Enrolments Register, PHPS Archives.
  39. Figures compiled by the Education Department show that enrolments at Victorian schools between 1937 and 1943 had decreased by approximately 12 per cent, whereas at Princes Hill the decrease was 38 per cent, 41 per cent at South Brunswick, 46 per cent at Faraday Street, 20 per cent at Rathdowne Street, and no loss at Lee Street, VPRS 640/ 3575: 1944, Internal memorandum.
  40. Approximately the first 100 names of 1928 are lost. In comparison, there were 306 new enrolments in 1929.
  41. In 1937, 200 of the average 730 enrolments were Jewish, VPRS 640/3169: 5/4/1938.
  42. Recollections, Esther Neistal, Fay Ben-David.
  43. Heritage, 1963.
  44. PHSC Register.
  45. PHPS Register.
  46. 10/8/1971, Thomson to Teachers’ Tribunal.
  47. PHSC Archives. Headmaster C.Johnston to the Education Department, 14/11/1978.
  48. Shirley Randell, ‘The Disadvantaged Schools Program: A Program to improve the quality of education for the disadvantaged’, in Quality in Australian Education (Australian College of Education, Canberra, 1978), pp. 37-49.
  49. PHPS Archives.
  50. Recollections, G. Burrows; Age, 27/1/1989, p. 14.

Chapter Nine

  1. A. Inglis, Amirah, An un-Australian Childhood (Melbourne, 1983), p. 32.
  2. Recollections, Jack Fajgenbaum, Joan Held.
  3. Recollections, Ben Morley, Mr Hollylea.
  4. VPRS 640/2628: 8/4/1926-3742.
  5. VPRS 640/3515: 15/3/1943.
  6. Recollections, Judy Sawford.
  7. Recollections, Miss Moyes.
  8. Recollections, Marjorie Jackson.
  9. ibid.
  10. Recollections, Mr Hollylea, Arnold Zable.
  11. V&R, 1, p. 330. VPRS 796/631: 31/5/1915-54; Recollections, Nancy Allen.
  12. Recollections, M.Jackson.
  13. VPRS 640/3918: 1949.
  14. Inglis, Childhood, pp. 33-4.
  15. Recollections, Mr Bell.
  16. VPRS 795/1715: 30/4/1914.
  17. V&R, 1, pp. 316-9; 871-2.
  18. VPRS 795/1714: 17/6/1914.
  19. VPRS 795/1714: 17/3/1902-8611.
  20. VPRS 640/2315: 20/8/1913-2955; Ed.Gaz., Oct 1913.
  21. Discussion with Lawrence Burchell.
  22. VPRS 640/2407: 14/8/1915-11360.
  23. V&R, 1, pp. 356, 1219.
  24. Private Archives, Mrs Lister.
  25. The average age of grade 2 students was not to exceed nine years; grade 3: ten years six months; grade 4: twelve years; grade 5: thirteen years six months. By 1889, -grade 6 did not have a prescribed age. In 1914, these ages were revised when the schools were reorganised into four departments: junior - grades 1 and 2: children under eight years; middle - grade 3: nine years three months; grade 4: ten years three months; upper - grade 5: eleven years six months; grade 6: twelve years six months; supplementary: grades 7 and 8: beyond twelve years six months.
  26. V&R, 1, pp. 216, 354.
  27. 27/12/1890, p. 2.
  28. Recollections, Emily Miller.
  29. V&R, 1, pp. 292f: curriculum of 1872.
  30. VPRS 640/ 1845: 24/4/1890-17880.
  31. VPRS 795/1714: 20/7/1898-23456. ,
  32. This allowed some Head Teachers, including Russell and Mylrea, to earn a supplementary income - much to the dismay of local booksellers (C.Gaz., 10/6/1892, p. 2; VPRS 796/631:January 1937.
  33. V&R, 1, pp. 336f.
  34. VPRS 796/631: 21/11/1916-164.
  35. Argus, 26/3/1912, p. 6.
  36. V&R, 1, pp. 114; 292f; 371. On the purpose of state education, see Jean Ely, Reality and Rhetoric: an alternative history of Australian education (Chippendale, 1978), pp. 35f.
  37. V&R, 1, pp. 37lf.
  38. V&R, :1, pp. 379-85.
  39. VPRS 640/2232: 12/12/1910.
  40. M. P. Hansen, Thoughts That Breathe (Melbourne, 1932), pp. 92f.
  41. VPRS 640/2722: 11/12/1931.
  42. VPRS 640/2407: 30/3/1914-5460, 28/3/1914-5509.
  43. VPRS 640/2407: 27/11/1915 -16052; 11/2/1916.
  44. VPRS 640/2628: 18/4/1923; 26/2/1924; 10/10/1925; 20/2/1926.
  45. VPRS 640/2821: 11/12/1931.
  46. Recollections, John Polglaze.
  47. Recollections, Miss Moyes, Mrs Lord.
  48. VPRS 640/2144: 27/3/1901-9509.
  49. Recollections, Mr Hollylea.
  50. Carlton News, vol 1.6, Dec 1901.
  51. VPRS 3852/6: 11/11/1911-3837.
  52. VPRS 796/631: 6/5/1932.
  53. K. Reiger, ‘The Disenchantment of the Home. Modernizing the Australian Family 1880-1940 (Melbourne, 1985), pp. 56-8.
  54. V&R, 1, p. 319.
  55. V&R, 1, p. 361; Ed.Gaz., 16/3/1937 gives details of types of work.
  56. VPRS 640/2490: February 1917-1131.
  57. VPRS 640/3338: 22/10/1940.
  58. V&R, 1, pp. 229f.
  59. C.Gaz., 18/9/1891, p. 2.
  60. VPRS 640/2232: 2/2/1910-1638.
  61. V&R, 1, pp. 229-30.
  62. VPRS 796/631: 5/5/1931.

Chapter Ten

  1. Inglis, Childhood, p. 34.
  2. Darian-Smith, ‘Melbourne’, pp. 327-8.
  3. VPRS 640/3575: 15/4/1943. A. Hoy, A City Built to Music. The History of University High School, Melbourne, 1910 to 1960 (Melbourne, 1961), pp. 88f.
  4. VPRS 640/3515: 27/7/1943.
  5. Hoy, City, p. 88.
  6. VPRS 640/3515: 27/7/1943; 640/3918: 23/6/1949; 640/4033: 17/l2/1950.
  7. District Inspectors’ Reports 1944-58, PHSC Archives.
  8. VPRS 640/3575: 29/11/1943.
  9. Recollections, M.Jackson.
  10. Recollections, Dr Clifford Pannam, Judy Sawford.
  11. District Inspectors’ Reports, PHSC Archives.
  12. District Inspectors’ Reports, PHSC Archives; VPRS 640/3918: 25/11/1949.
  13. District Inspectors Reports, PHSC Archives.
  14. Recollections, Anne Haylock,  Sawford.
  15. Recollections, Mrs Cooper.
  16. Recollections, Archibald Gibson.
  17. Recollections, Judy Ireland, John Stirling.
  18. Heritage, 1959.
  19. Yabberstick, 1968.
  20. Recollections, A. Zable.
  21. The matter was also raised by District Inspectors at the Carlton Inspectorate Meeting 11/12/1968; Barcan, Australian Education, pp. 364f.
  22. SC Min. 5/7/1979.
  23. SC Report 1982; Recollections, Anne Milte.
  24. Barcan, Australian Education, pp. 366f.
  25. SC Min. 8/3/1979.
  26. Recollections, Sue McCall; SC Min. 12/12/1983.
  27. PHPS Archives.
  28. Compare SC Report 1982; Recollections, S. McCall, A. Milte.
  29. Recollections, John Heath.
  30. R. A. Reed, ‘Curriculum reform in Victorian secondary schools in the late sixties’, in S. 1V1urray-Smith, ed., MSE, 1975, pp. 214-24; quotation, p. 222. 
  31. Heritage, 1968; K. Fraser, ‘Learning Experiences’, in Teachers’Journal, July 1969, pp. 233-4.
  32. Barcan, Australian Education, p. 324: students were staying at school because of persistence rather than ability.
  33. R. T. Fitzgerald, The Secondary Schools at Sixes and Sevens. A Review of the Sixties and a Prospect of the Seventies (Melbourne, 1970), p. 83.
  34. PHHS Newsletter, April 1975.
  35. Recollections, Olive Hamilton.
  36. Princes Hill News, 2, 1987.

Chapter Eleven

  1. Schutt, Rathdowne Street, p. 42.
  2. Recollections, Mr Friedman.
  3. V&R, 1, pp. 1115-20.
  4. Argus, 5/2/1939, p. 4.
  5. V&R, 1, p. 1114.
  6. ibid., pp. 1115-7.
  7. VPRS 640/3338: 14/3/1940.
  8. Recollections, Don Madden.
  9. A. Gibson, 1963 Speech Night Address.
  10. Victorian Ministry of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, Migrants’ Melbourne (Melbourne, 1978), pp. 51ff.
  11. AdC Min. ‘Special English Programme’ 1975, PHHS News, April 1975.
  12. 16/1 1/1978; PHSC Archives.
  13. Recollections, John Bluthal,
  14. VPRS 640/3169: April 1937.
  15. Recollections, F. Ben-David.
  16. VPRS 640/3918: 1949.
  17. Recollections,  Ireland, C. Hilton.
  18. Recollections, Dr John Mann.
  19. M. Strintzos, ‘Greek Girls and the Culture of Femininity. A Study of Three Melbourne Schools’ (M.Ed., University of Melbourne, 1988).
  20. Paul Kringas and Frank Lewins, Why Ethnic Schools? Selected Case Studies (Canberra, 1981), pp. 17f, 35f.
  21. ibid., pp. 33f.

Chapter Twelve

  1. Dr Pearson’s speech, as reported in Argus, 2/9/1889, p. 9.
  2. C.Gaz., 24/1/1890, p. 2.
  3. Recollections, Mrs Seath.
  4. Recollections, Mrs Lord, Miss Moyes, M.Jackson.
  5. VPRS 795/1714: 5/10/1904.
  6. VPRS 795/1715: 30/4/1914.
  7. SC Min. May 1979.
  8. Ed.Gaz., 20/9/1905, pp. 37-8; 25/7/1911, pp. 231-5. 
  9. 23/1/1926, p. 26.
  10. Argus, 19/5/1933, p.12.
  11. V&R, 1, p. 1184.
  12. VYB, 1919-20, pp. 180-1.
  13. C.Gaz., 30/10/1891, p. 2.
  14. Recollections, M.Jackson.
  15. ibid.
  16. VPRS 640/3918: 16/11/1949.
  17. McShane acted as drill instructor until a physical education teacher was appointed in 1891, C.Gaz., 18/12/1891.
  18. V&R, 1, pp. 996-7.
  19. Argus, 22/9/1911, p. 6.
  20. Recollections, M.Jackson. VPRS 796/631: 1/2/1922.
  21. V&R, 1, pp.991-2. ,
  22. V&R, 1, pp.99l-3.
  23. Heritage, 1961.
  24. C.Gaz., 17/7/1891, p. 2; 24/7/1891, p. 2.
  25. Recollections, Mr Hollylea.
  26. ibid.
  27. Recollections, B. Morley.
  28. Recollections, A. Zable.
  29. Heritage 1965; Age, 25/10/1965, p. 20.
  30. VPRS 640/1811: 4/6/1891-28093.
  31. C.Gaz.,»9/5/1890, p. 2.
  32. VPRS 640/1875: 13/10/1893-39770.
  33. VPRS 640/ 2407:30/ 6/ 1914-5460; Recollections, V. Shakespeare.
  34. Recollections, Fay Ben-David;  Sawford.
  35. Recollections, M.Jackson.
  36. Heritage, 1962.
  37. C.Gaz., 2/7/1897, p. 2.
  38. VPRS 796/631: 2/5/1927.
  39. VPRS 640/2144; 28/5/1901-16715.
  40. SC Min. 17/11/1977; 27/3/1980.
  41. Heritage, 1968; PHSC Archives; Marian Turnbull, ‘Mirimbah’, Princes Hill News, 1987, Term 3, Issue 1.
  42. C.Gaz., 9/8/1895, p. 2; V&R, 1, pp. 1084-6.
  43. Age, 10/7/1924, p. 12; VPRS 640/2628:10/7/1924.
  44. AdC Min. April 1975.
  45. VPRS 640/2554: 4/4/1921.
  46. VPRS 915/154: 20/4/1930-15326; Recollections, R. Davies.
  47. VPRS 640/3169: 2/4/1936-5566, 3/6/1936-5735.
  48. VPRS 640/2955: 22/9/1933.
  49. Recollections, R. Davies.
  50. VPRS 640/2722: 5/8/1930.
  51. C.Gaz., 4/12/1891, p. 2.
  52. Heritage, 1959-64.
  53. Compare C.Gaz., 8/7/1892, p. 2; 13/10/1892 p. 2; 21/3/1893, p. 2.
  54. Recollections, T. Schwarz.
  55. Recollections, Miss Smart.
  56. Recollections, F. Mitchell.
  57. Darian-Smith, ‘Melbourne’, pp. 124-5.
  58. Recollections, R. Davies; Argus, 15/1/1931, p. 8; 30/1/1981, p. 8.
  59. Turnbull, Princes Hill, p. 11.
  60. Selleck, Tate, pp. 215-6.
  61. Hansen, Thoughts, p. 81.
  62. Recollections, Mr Hollylea.
  63. Ed.Gaz., 17/10/1939. Full, annual reports followed.
  64. Carlton Times, 8/1/1942; 18/10/1946: VPRS 640/3454: 2/1/1942; 640/3735: 1/4/1946, 8/10/1946; 640/3793: 14/3/1947; 640/3851: 25/6/1948. V&R, 1, p. 1298: amounts of money contributed by Victorian school children to the Australian Comfort Fund and Australian Red Cross.
  65. School Register: 15 parents of the 183 students who had enrolled in 1941 listed their occupation as soldier or airman.
  66. Recollections, Mr Bell.
  67. Recollections, M.Jackson.
  68. V&R, 1, p. 1291.
  69. Recollections, Gwen Rookes.
  70. Recollections  Penfold.
  71. Recollections, M.Jackson.
  72. Recollections, Max Harrop.
  73. SC Min. 15/4/1985.
  74. VPRS 640/3454: 3/6/1942. Recollections, G. Rookes; Age, 3/1/41 and 25/2/1942.
  75. VPRS 10059: 2/11/1940.
  76. VPRS 10059: 21/4/1941; 7/2/1944.
  77. VPRS 10059: 31/8/1940.

Chapter Thirteen

  1. C.Gaz., 27/12/1890, p. 2.
  2. C.Gaz., 27/12/1889, p. 2; 27/12/1890, p. 2; 27/12/1895 p. 2.
  3. V&R, 1, p.371.
  4. Recollections, Mrs Howell.
  5. VPRS 640/1811: 4/6/1891-28093; 26/8/1891-42732; C.Gaz., 24/1/90, p. 2.
  6. C.Gaz., 15/7/1892, p. 2.
  7. C.Gaz., 31/12/1892, p. 2.
  8. VPRS 640/2232: 30/1/1908; 24/2/1909.
  9. Recollections, Mrs Seath.
  10. V&R, 1, p.482.
  11. Ed.Gaz. Suppl., 22/8/1911, p. 2.
  12. V&R, 1, pp. 502f.
  13. Carlton Times, 8/10/1942, p. 2.
  14. Recollections, Mrs Mathews, Miss Moyes, Mrs Lord.
  15. Data from the School Register and Inspectors’ Reports.
  16. Recollections, Mrs Mathews,  Swaford, D. Madden, Mrs Turner.
  17. Recollections, Mrs Turner, S. Lipski, D. Madden,J. Ireland.
  18. Recollections,  Ireland.
  19. Ronald Taft, The Career Aspirations of Immigrant Schoolchildren in Victoria (La Trobe University, 1975).
  20. Recollections, D. Madden,  Mann.
  21. Toni Noble and Maureen Ryan, ‘What does school mean to the Greek immigrant parent and his child?’, AJE, 20, 1976, pp. 38-45.
  22. Millicent Poole, ‘Identifying early school leavers’,journal of Australian Education, 22,1978, pp. 13-24.
  23. Headmaster Gibson’s report to the District Inspectors, 1963.
  24. Headmaster Johnston’s report to the District Inspectors, 1959.
  25. ibid., 1959.
  26. PHHS Register.
  27. Sir William Brunton, Lord Mayor of Melbourne between 1923 and 1926, is occasionally said to have been a student at Princes Hill School. However, he was born in 1867 and attended school at SS Carlton. He was already working before Princes Hill School was built.
  28. Sam Lipski, in Business Review Weekly, 12 November 1983; Rubinstein, Jews, p. 157.
  29. Gerard P.Dowling, The North Story. The Official History of the North Melbourne Football Club’s First One Hundred Seasons of Competitive Australian Rules Football (Melbourne, 1973), passim.