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  1. F.Tate, ‘Teaching: The Noblest of Professions, but the Sorriest of Trades’, The Australasian Schoolrnaster, November 1892, pp. 75-6, December 1892, pp. 92—3,January 1893, pp. 101-3. 1

Chapter Three

  1. V&R, 1, p. 283.
  2. ibid., 1, p. 556.
  3. C.Gaz., 11/3/1892, p. 2.
  4. VPRS 640/1905: 14/2/1894-40549.
  5. VPRS 640/1875: 13/10/1893-39770.
  6. C.Gaz., 24/12/1896, p. 2.
  7. VPRS 640/2144: 23/7/1901—251 13; 10/8/1901—28044; 11/9/1901-32697; 9/10/1901-32698, 35397, 36726.
  8. VPRS 640/2232: 19/7/1910.
  9. Recollections, Mr Hollylea.
  10. Recollections, Mr Bell, Mrs Seath. One of Sebire’s first moves was to change the afternoon timetable to begin at 1.30 p.m. rather than 1.45 p.m. and finish at 3.45 p.m. so he could catch the infrequent train to Clifton Hill.
  11. VPRS 640/2232: 19/7/1910.
  12. Archives, Sebire family.
  13. VPRS 640/2628: 8/4/1926-3742.
  14. R.J. W.,Selleck, Frank Tate. A Biography (Melbourne, 1982), p. 121.
  15. ibid.
  16. VPRS 640/2628: 6/1/1925~3742.
  17. Recollections, Ray Aaron.
  18. Recollections, Ron Davies.
  19. Recollections, R. Davies, Joseph Brown.
  20. VPRS 640/2722: 22/10/1930-15326; 640/3169: 2/5/1936-5566.
  21. VPRS 640/3515: 30/8/1943-5096.
  22. VPRS 640/3169: 22/6/1936.
  23. VPRS 640/3338: 10/9/1940.
  24. VPRS 640/3851: 18/11/1948.
  25. Recollections, Sam Lipski.
  26. Examiners’ Reports, 1950, 1952, PHSC Archives.
  27. Recollections, Don Madden.
  28. VPRS 640/4091: 29/8/1952.
  29. Recollections, Geoff Burrows.
  30. VPRS 640/4091: 4/11/1952.
  31. Recollections, D. Madden; VPRS 10059: 9/11/1956.
  32. VPRS 640/4364: 6/12/1957.
  33. VPRS 640/4408: 4/2/1958.
  34. VPRS 640/4555: February 1961.
  35. VPRS 640/4555-1961.
  36. Special Meeting of PHPS School Council 24/6/1976; K. Turnbull to Hon. L. Thompson, 13/7/1976, PHPS Archives.
  37. Recollections, Nola Kennett.
  38. PHPS Archives, 6/12/1983. Earlier in the year, the School Council had voted to support the transfer ofa teacher whom they considered mismatched with the School’s policies and practices (SC Min. 9/12/1983).
  39. SC Report, 1986.
  40. Recollections, William Johnston.
  41. Recollections, Arnold Zable.
  42. Heritage, 1961, p. 6.
  43. Recollections, W. Johnston.
  44. Recollections, John Polglaze. Tributes from Mothers’ Club, Parents
  45. and Citizens Association and the School Advisory Council, Heritage, 1961, p. 6.
  46. Recollections, John Ireland.
  47. Heritage, 1965.
  48. Recollections, Mrs Hilton.
  49. Recollections, John Ireland.
  50. Age, 4/8/1973, p. 4.
  51. Recollections, Peter Stapelton.
  52. November, 1969, p. 2.
  53. Recollections, P. Stapelton, Emile Hamer, Judy Ireland.
  54. Recollections, Judy Ireland.
  55. Recollections, P. Stapelton, Judy Ireland, E. Hamer, John Stirling.
  56. Recollections,  Stirling.
  57. ibid.
  58. Recollections, Olive Hamilton.
  59. SC Min. 21/4/1985. Recollections, O. Hamilton.
  60. Green Paper, October 1986, PHSC Archives; Recollections, O. Hamilton; Bob Meehan, ‘Reorganisation of Local Secondary Schools’, Princes Hill News, 1, 1987, pp. 1f.

Chapter Four

  1. VPRS 640/1816: 24/2/1890-7513.
  2. In 1913, Skewes complained that one grade, 4A, had had four teachers in less than one year. Between December 1913 and February 1914, nine teachers had ceased duty (VPRS 640/2407: 6/2/1914-2191). The number of replacement staff was inadequate, and many were inexperienced student teachers. In November 1915, Sebire reported five further vacancies at the school (VPRS 640/2407: 1914-6630). In 1939, Mylrea welcomed six new members of staff (VPRS 640/2955: 25/7/1934-9620).
  3. VPRS 640/2955: 25/7/1934-9620.
  4. V&R, 1, pp. 279f. In 1884, only five of the 2563 qualified teachers employed by the Department had a university degree, only twelve had First Class Honours and only 221 had matriculated; another 1076 were pupil teachers, V&R, 1, pp. 826-7.
  5. V&R, 1, pp. 280; 322f.
  6. VYB, 1902, p. 123; 1910-11, p. 269; 1940, p. 248; 1950-51, p. 429.
  7. K.S.Cunningham and E.A. Morey, Children Need Teachers (Melbourne, 1947), pp. 75f.
  8. VPRS 640/2315: 20/6/1908-8032.
  9. V&R, 1, pp.826—7. .
  10. D.Garden, The Melbourne Teacher Training Colleges. From Training Institution to Melbourne State College, I870-I98 (Melbourne, 1982),
  11. V&R, 1, p. 321.
  12. Argus, 2.5/5/1916, p. 5: by 1916, there were 900 enlistments.
  13. VPRS 640/3394: 2/2/1941, 1/12/1941.
  14. VPRS 10059: 14/1/1942.
  15. Argus, 25/5/1916, p. 5.
  16. Cunningham, Morey, Children, p. 79, table 14.
  17. V&R, 1, p. 1297.
  18. VPRS 10059: 2/2/1943; 1/2/1944.
  19. VPRS 640/3575: 26/2/1944; 10059: 1/3/1944.
  20. V&R, 1, p. 327.
  21. VPRS 640/1845: 1.890/7509.
  22. VPRS 640/1777: 29/12/1890-63197; 640/1845: 21/7/1892-31029; 5/10/1892-43641.
  23. VPRS 640/1845: 1892/43641. .
  24. Tate, The Australasian Schoolmaster. November 1892, pp. 75-6, December 1892, pp.92—3, January 1893, pp. 101-3, describes pupil teachers’ conditions. Also I/599R, 1, p.827; A. G.Austin, Australian Education, 1788-1900. Church, State and Public Education in Colonial Australia, 3rd edition (Melbourne, 1972), pp. 246-9.
  25. Archives, Sebire Family.
  26. Archives, Mrs Lister.
  27. Cunningham, Morey, Children, pp. 92-4.
  28. Tate, Australasian Schoolmaster, November 1892, pp. 75-6; December 1892, pp.92-3; January 1893, pp. 101-3; J.O.Anchen, Frank Tate and his Worhfor Education (Melbourne, 1956), pp. l02f; Selleck, Tate, pp.90f. Austin, Australian Education, p. 248: Tate was working against views current throughout Australia, and against government interests. In 1902, more than 30 per cent of teachers were pupil teachers.
  29. Recollections, Miss Checcucci; V&R, 1, pp.851—2; cf. pp.866f; Garden, Melbourne, pp. 125-6.
  30. I. S. Turner, The Training of Teachers in Australia. A Comparative and Critical Survey (Melbourne, 1943), pp. 84-91, 107-12, 215-9. In 1930, The National Council of Women in Victoria expressed concern that infant teachers were being poorly prepared .in every state in Australia. In Victoria, training teachers conducted classes of 40-50 children; 50 per cent of teachers were junior teachers, of which half had less than one year’s experience, Argus, 27/6/1930, p. 12.
  31. VPRS 915/154: 8/7/1908-9183; V&R, 1, pp. 868f.
  32. Minister’s Report, 1909-10, p. 92.
  33. VPRS 640/2315: 12/9/1913-11677.
  34. VPRS 640/2407: 23/ll/1914; 1915-1030.
  35. VPRS 10059: 24/6/1958.
  36. V&R, 1, pp. 868-70.
  37. VPRS 640/3454: 8/3/1940.
  38. Lawry, ‘Anton Vroland: His Life and Work’, (M.Ed.; Monash Uni., 1981), pp.55-61. 1
  39. VPRS 640/1816: 1890-45114.
  40. VPRS 640/2407: 9/4/1914.
  41. Argus, 29/3/1913, p.19; 15/7/1913, p.4.
  42. Argus, 4/5/1912, p. 18.
  43. Garden, Melbourne, p. 125
  44. In 1930, the National Council of Women commented that, of the 3000 candidates on that year’s promotion list, only thirty-one were women, Argus, 27/6/1930, p. 12.
  45. VPRS 640/2628: 27/3/1924-3857.
  46. V&R, 1, pp. 279f; p. 285 table 7, for teachers’ salaries; Austin, Australian Education, pp. 249f.
  47. V&R, 1, pp. 285-9, 320, 378 table 20, 889.
  48. ibid. pp. 325f.
  49. VPRS 640/2955: February 1933.
  50. V&R, 1, pp. 280f. On her retirement in 1915, Miss Hyem was paid a superannuation allowance of £150 p.a. Her annual salary had been £250. Skewes, who had retired two years earlier, received £314.2.2 p.a. His average salary had been £471.3.4 (VPRS 640/2315: 3/3/1913-3606). Superannuation, however, was not received by all teachers. According to the Victorian State Schools Teachers Union, 2932 teachers were not entitled to a pension in 1913 (Argus, 29/3/1913, p. 13).
  51. VPRS 640/1811: 14/4/1890-15824.
  52. VPRS 640/2955: 1934.
  53. VPRS 795/1714: 6/6/1899-17862. By 1901, the Infants Room exceeded its accommodation capacity of 120 children by thirty-six
  54. (VPRS 795/1714: 11/9/1901).Cunningham, Morey, Children, pp. 134-6 table 29.
  55. VPRS 640/1816:15/8/1890-39202.

  56. GRADE

    STUD. No.

    TEACHER

    QUALIFICATION

    6A

    57

    Mr McShane

    1st M.A.

    6B

    83

    Mr Scales

    2nd M.A.

    5A

    49

    Miss Powling

    1st Cl. Jun.T.

    5B

    42

    Miss Bruggman

    2nd F.A.

    5C

    31

    Mr Ellingsen

    Temp. Assist. 5

    4A

    63

    Mr Putt

    Assist 8th

    4B

    54

    Miss MacKay

    lst Cl. Jun. T.

    4C

    46

    Miss James

    1st Cl. Jun. T.

    3A

    63

    Miss Bourke

    lst Cl. Jun. T.

    3B

    70

    Miss Hastie

    3rd F.A

    2A

    64

    Miss Munro

    1st Cl. Jun. T.

    2B

    58

    Miss Heaphy

    3rd Cl. Jun. T. (Cont. Stud.)

    1

    98

    Miss Hindley

    Assist. 6th

      

    Miss Swan

    1st Cl. Jun. T.

    Infants

     

     

     

    (A-D)

    194

    Miss Hyem

    1st F.A.

      

    Miss Skewes

    lst Cl. Jun. T.

      

    Miss McKenzie

    lst Cl. Jun. T.

      

    Mr Watson

    1st C1. Jun. T

...

55 Cunningham, Morey, Children, pp. 134-6 table 29.

...

  1. .

...

  1. VPRS 640/2109: 1/8/1900-26968.

...

  1. VPRS 640/2232: 16/4/1910-5460.

...

  1. VPRS 640/2490: 14/4/1918-3503.

...

  1. VPRS 640./2554: 21/9/1922-9598.

...

  1. VPRS 640/3735: 22/10/1946.
  2. Age, 6/5/1969, p. 1; 7/5/1969, p. 3. This was not the first occasion that teachers had voiced their complaints, nor the first time that teacher unionism had contemplated militancy. Strike action was called by Victorian Teachers Union but barely averted in the 1940s
  3. (V&R, 1, pp. 1143-4); sporadic strikes were held in the mid 1960s (A. R. Barcan, A History of Australian Education (Melbourne, 1980), p. 346). 
  4. A. Spaull, ‘The origins and formation of the Victorian Secondary Teachers’ Association, 1948-1954’, in S. Murray-Smith, ed., MSE 1975, pp. 94-125;
  5. Cunningham, Morey, Children, pp. l3lf.
  6. Victorian Council of School Organisations, April, 1971.
  7. Miriam David, The State, the Family and Education (London, 1980).
  8. C. Gaza, 27/12/1890, p. 2.
  9. A. R. Crane, ‘The Teacher - Present and Future’, in (ed)  A. Richardson,  Bowen, The Preparation of Teachers in Australia (Melbourne, 1971), pp. 1-14.
  10. Ralph Bush, ‘The teacher—pupil relationship in Australian Secondary Schools’, AJE, 2, 1958, pp. 41-8; K. Start, ‘The school: an academic or social agency? The case for an academic role’, in Quality in
  11. Australian Education (Australian Council of'Education, Melbourne, 1978), pp. 55-66.
  12. Recollections, Anne Milte.
  13. Duffy, ‘Teachers - A forgotten priority’, in Priorities in Australian
  14. Education (Australian College of Education, Melbourne, 1972), pp.107-112.
  15. 72 Rosemarie Otto, Occupational Stress Among Teachers in Post-Primary
  16. Education. A Study of Teachers in Technical Schools and Some Comparative
  17. Data on High School Teachers (Bundoora, 1982); Robyn McCleod,
  18. Strategies for Tackling Teacher Stress (Teachers Federation of Victoria,
  19. 1987).
  20. Data collected by R. T. Fitzgerald, The Secondary School at Sixes and
  21. Sevens. A Review of the Sixties and a Prospect of the Seventies (Melbourne,
  22. 1970). :
  23. Document issued October 1969, PHSC Archives.
  24. VPRS 10059-1446:July, 1946.
  25. V&R, 1, pp. 903f; Barcan, Australian Education, pp. 311-2.
  26. ibid. p. 313.
  27. District Inspectors Reports, PHSC Archives.
  28. VPRS 10059-24/6/1958.
  29. PHSC Archives; Recollections, Ireland.
  30. Head Master’s Report, 1960, PHSC Archives.
  31. AdC Min. 17/4/1973, 19/6/1973, 17/71973, 10/10/1973.
  32. PHSC Archives.
  33. Recollections, P. Stapelton.
  34. Recollections, Sue McCall. The draft job prescription for principal to replace Olive Hamilton set out the requirements of the Secondary College School Council, PHSC Newsletter, vol 10, no. 18, 23/11/1988.
  35. School Policy Statements, PHPS Archives.
  36. Recollections, Sue McCall, John Heath.
  37. VPRS 640/1777: 1890.
  38. Recollections, E. Neistal.
  39. VPRS 640/2407: 14/8/1915-11360.
  40. Recollections, Mrs Lord, Miss Moyes.
  41. Recollections, R. Davies.
  42. Marian Turnbull, The Schools of Princes Hill. A History of Princes Hill Primary School to mark the Diamond jubilee of the Princes Hill Mothers’ Story-Telling Club, 1917-1977 (Carlton, 1977), p. 4.
  43. Recollections, R. Davies.
  44. Recollections, Sam Lipski.
  45. Recollections, D. Madden.
  46. Recollections, Graham Pascoe.
  47. Recollections, Andrew Panna.
  48. Mothers’ Club Minutes, November 1962.
  49. Recollections, Dr John Mann.
  50. Recollections, W.Johnston,  Ireland, A. Zable, C. Hilton.
  51. Recollections, C. Hilton, H. Law, A. Zable,  Mann.

Part Three, Introduction

  1. Recollections, E. Walker.

...